A multizone kinetic model coupled with a dynamic slag generation model was developed for the simulation of hot metal and slag composition during the basic. Co and co 2 are produced in the decarburisation reaction and the products of other oxidising reactions i. More than half the worlds steel is produced in the basic oxygen process bop, which uses pure oxygen to convert a charge of liquid blastfurnace iron and scrap into steel. The numerical simulation for a threedimensional oxygen lance nozzle was carried out according to the fundamental parameters of pzh steel, the characteristics of the oxygen jet were analyzed and discussed. Modelling of basic oxygen steel making process has significant utility as productivity and. An argonoxygen mixture is being injected into the molten steel through sidewallnozzles which provokes a very efficient carbon removal. In this simulation, you decide the levels of scrap. Basic oxygen steelmaking bos is a method of creating steel that utilizes the blowing of pure oxygen to convert liquid iron and scrap into steel basic oxygen steelmaking. The furnace needs no heating because the oxygen combines very exothermically with the impurity elements, carbon, silicon, manganese and phosphorus.
Simulation of flow fluid in the bof steelmaking process. The purpose of the basic oxygen steelmaking bos process is to refine the hot metal produced in the blast furnace into raw liquid steel, which. Some of these include electric arc furnaces and new casting technologies. How steel is made using the basic oxygen steelmaking process. Explore the basic oxygen steelmaking simulation to convert molten iron and recycled steel into new steel. Dynamic modeling and simulation of basic oxygen furnace. Sms group website plants all plants converter steelmaking stainless steel shaping the future converter steelworks from sms group since the early 1950s, sms group and its predecessor companies have been using their knowhow for highly productive and modern converter steelplants for carbon and stainless steel worldwide.
Numerical simulation of slag foaming with reaction. The main functions of the basic oxygen furnace bof are to decarburize and remove phosphorus from the hot metal, and to optimize the. These simulations are a simplified model of complex reallife processes to provide students and practitioners with a representation that enables. Modeling of decarburization in metal droplet in basic oxygen steelmaking ankit1, t. In oxygen steelmaking the injected oxygen oxidise the impure elements. Preliminary numerical simulation of chemically reacting gas and liquid phases in oxygen steelmaking k. Using aspen plustm software, a physicochemical model has been developed for the integrated steelmaking route.
Basic oxygen steelmaking bos, bop, bof, or osm, also known as linzdonawitzsteelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbonrich molten pig iron is made into steel. Basic oxygen steelmaking bos, bop, bof, and osm, also known as linzdonawitz steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbonrich molten pig iron is made into steel. Mar 31, 2004 in the electric arc furnace eaf, and the basic oxygen furnace bof for producing steel, the major off gas is carbon monoxide co. Basic oxygen furnace bof steel making or basic oxygen furnace steelmaking bos or linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method in which both molten pig iron and steel scrap are converted into steel with the oxidizing action of. A phd project for developing a real time process modeling software for basic oxygen furnace steel converter. As oxygen is injected into a basic oxygen furnace, carbon, silicon,manganese and iron. Numerical simulation and optimization practice of oxygen. Feb 25, 2016 basic oxygen furnace bof steel making or basic oxygen furnace steelmaking bos or linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method in which both molten pig iron and steel scrap are converted into steel with the oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag. Comprehensive thermodynamic model of basic oxygen steel making pro. The process occurs in a furnace which is a specially designed steel vessel that may be rotated through 360 in a vertical plane. Basic oxygen steelmaking simulation steeluniversity. New technologies are being developed for the steel industry to enhance efficiency and productivity and ensure competitiveness. The mineralogical and morphological properties of bof and electricarcfurnaceladle eafl slag. Kundu1 1indian institute of technology kharagpur, kharagpur, west bengal, india abstract introduction.
The basic oxygen steel bos making process this can be described via the following steps. Basic oxygen furnace based steelmaking processes and cleanliness control at baosteel l. Next generation metallic iron nodule technology in. The optimal control indicator is determined via current state of converter smelting production process, and the set values of operation variable would control converter production. Dynamic operation optimization has been utilized to realize optimal control problem for converter.
This article describes how these techniques have been used in 12 ld steel plants. Basic oxygen steelmaking is the process of refining the hot metal produced from blast furnace. The basic oxygen steelmaking process differs from the eaf in that it is autogenous, or selfsufficient in energy. Nov 14, 2016 the purpose of the basic oxygen steelmaking bos process is to refine the hot metal produced in the blast furnace into raw liquid steel, which may be subsequently refined in the secondary. The aim of the process is to remove carbon and several minor elements from iron melt by blowing oxygen on top of the melt. The word basic refers to the ph of the refractories lining the ladle interior, which are normally composed of calcium oxide or magnesium oxide. Process kinetics of oxygen steelmaking springerlink. Bos is the most common and dominant primary steelmaking process used in the world today. Request pdf simulation of flow fluid in the bof steelmaking process the basic oxygen furnace bof smelting process consists of different chemical reactions among oxygen, slag, and molten. The process typically has limited automation which leads to suboptimal.
Chemical, mineralogical, and morphological properties of. Play the role of plant metallurgist in charge of continuous casting operations. Steelmaking process viscosity molar volume electric conductivity y 2014 solidification of slag continuous casting process. The vessels are lined with heat resistant refractory materials eg. In the electric arc furnace eaf, and the basic oxygen furnace bof for producing steel, the major off gas is carbon monoxide co. The electric arc furnace eaf is the second of the two main steelmaking processes. The primary raw materials for the bop are 7080% liquid hot metal from the blast furnace and the balance is steel scrap. Improving the system life of basic oxygen and electric arc furnace. More specifically, a back propagation bp neural network is employed to estimate the endpoint carbon content and the endpoint temperature of bof, and an improved particle swarm optimization pso algorithm is proposed to optimize the prediction model for improving the accuracy of the endpoint. Thomas4 optical microscopy, total oxygen measurements and slime tests have been conducted to quantify. The scrap is used mainly to lower the furnace temperature. The project sets out to 1 optimise the process to produce urea from basic oxygen furnace gas at a cost level lower than that based on natural gas, 2 determine the co 2 footprint reduction potential of the optimised process, and 3 form a lasting value chain to enable implementation of the process in a timeframe of 5 years.
If the co can be combusted to cosub 2, and the energy transferred to the metal, this reaction will reduce the energy consumed in the eaf and allow for more scrap melting in the bof which would significantly lower the energy required to produce steel. Theory and practice ebook written by ahindra ghosh, amit chatterjee. The aod converter is key equipment in the stainless steelmaking process. Products ironmaking and steelmaking bof basic oxygen.
Introduction the purpose of the basic oxygen steelmaking bos process is to refine the hot metal produced in the blast furnace into raw liquid steel, which may be subsequently refined in the secondary steelmaking shop. Plant and equipment, metallurgical processes, chemistry, raw materials, products and byproducts. Basic oxygen steelmaking simulation and electric arc furnace. The oxygen initiates a series of intensively exothermic heatreleasing reactions, including the oxidation of such impurities as carbon, silicon, phosphorus, and. Special measurements and control models for a basic oxygen.
Iron contains impurities in the form of silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and manganese. Investigation of a twostage aqueous reactor design for. Jamie shorta, chris barnesa, dr mark evansb, dr roger grosvenorc, paul prickettc. Basic oxygen steelmaking article about basic oxygen. The basic oxygen steelmaking bos process consortium. Modeling of decarburization in metal droplet in basic. These are charged into the basic oxygen furnace bof vessel. Conduct a charpy impact test to measure impact energy and how it changes due to temperature. The slag formation in oxygen steelmaking consists of oxidation.
Our slag detection system monitors the onset of slag carryover towards the end of the tap, maintaining steel quality and preventing equipment damage. This paper concerns the endpoint estimation of the basic oxygen furnace bof steel making process. Nitrogen control in electric arc furnace steelmaking by. Bof basic oxygen furnace iron to steel steel ametek land. The basic oxygen furnace bof is a refractorylined, tiltable converter into which a vertically movable, watercooled lance is inserted to blow oxygen through nozzles at supersonic velocity. Endpoint prediction of bof steelmaking based on bp neural. This module introduces the learner to the operation of the basic oxygen steelmaking furnace for the transformation of molten iron to steel. Basic oxygen furnace bof steel making or basic oxygen furnace steelmaking bos or linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method in which both molten pig iron and steel scrap are converted into steel with the oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag. Multiphysical modeling approach for basic oxygen steelmaking. In primary metallurgy, the converter process is an important stage in the production of steel from iron ore. In the basic oxygen furnace, hot metal from the blast furnace is converted into steel. In no way is it designed to be comprehensive treatments of steelmaking theory and practice for this, the user is directed to other excellent publications. These simulations are a simplified model of complex reallife processes to provide students and practitioners with a representation that enables them to put into practice theoretical.
In this simulation, you decide the levels of scrap and alloy additions to make. Basic oxygen furnaces bofs are widely used to produce steel from hot metal. Ironmaking and steelmaking bof basic oxygen furnace dlt danieli linz technology is the center for competence of converter oxygen steelmaking, covering the complete range of products downstream of the blast furnace and upstream from secondary metallurgy, in. A vital stage in producing lowcarbon molten steel, the basic oxygen furnace produces slag as a waste product. The purpose of the basic oxygen steelmaking bos process is to refine the hot metal produced in the blast furnace into raw liquid steel, which may be subsequently refined in the secondary. A finnish simulation program for the converter, consim, has been developed.
The development of a process charge expert system for a. Steelmaking consortium project 2009 2020 4 physical property database for molten slags process simulation. Basic oxygen steelmaking how is basic oxygen steelmaking. Model development for refining rates in oxygen steelmaking. How to low cost ce materi national chung hsing university 105 11.
Modelling of basic oxygen steel making process has significant utility as productivity and lining life of basic oxygen steelmaking bos is highly dependable upon mass, momentum, energy transfer and rigorous interaction among metal, slag and gaseous phases. Numerical simulation of slag foaming with reaction kinetics. Basic oxygen furnace based steelmaking processes and. This model gives the possibility to carry out life cycle inventories for. A block diagram of the metsim model is shown in figure 2. These include ore cooling, production of highcarbon and lowalloy steels, and the utilization of highphosphorous hot metal. A number of recent developments have widened the area of application of the ld, basic oxygen steelmaking process. Basic oxygen steelmaking simulation and electric arc. After charging, the furnace is blown by blasting oxygen through a lance that is lowered into the molten metal. Nitrogen control in electric arc furnace steelmaking by dri. The steeluniversity simulations are an excellent didactic resource for learning about steel production processes. Dynamic model of the basic oxygen steelmaking furnace.
This paper provides an overview of the different types of steel slag that are generated from basicoxygenfurnace bof steelmaking, electricarcfurnace eaf steelmaking, and ladlefurnace steel refining processes. Sms group website plants all plants converter steelmaking carbon steel shaping the future converter steelworks from sms group since the early 1950s, sms group and its predecessor companies have been using their knowhow for highly productive and modern converter steelplants for carbon and stainless steel worldwide. Basic oxygen process bop, a steelmaking method in which pure oxygen is blown into a bath of molten blastfurnace iron and scrap. Brooks faculty of science, engineering and technology swinburne university of technology, hawthorn, vic3122, australia abstract a preliminary dynamic model is developed to predict the.
Preliminary numerical simulation of chemically reacting. Model for prediction of oxygen required in bof steelmaking. The basic oxygen steelmaking module is part of the steel manufacturing course. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into lowcarbon steel. May 14, 2011 the basic oxygen steelmaking process differs from the eaf in that it is autogenous, or selfsufficient in energy. The objective of this research is to integrate expert systems es into the operation of the bos integrated steelmaking plant in tata port talbot. The basic oxygen steelmaking bos process consortium steel. The process is known as basic because fluxes of burnt lime or.
Stable and secure of the system is a necessary condition for whole production system to function normally. The lance system is one of the important link of converter. Plant and equipment, metallurgical processes, chemistry, raw materials, products and byproducts, operation, and. Extending plant life, control systems, finite element analysis etc are also covered.
Dynamic model of basic oxygen steelmaking process based on. Basic oxygen steelmaking this module includes a simulation of basic oxygen steelmaking, one of the two main steelmaking processes. The bos process, outlined in section two of this paper, accounted for around 70% of this crude steel output worldwide. Converter steelmaking is the main step in orebased steel production using blast furnace hot metal and steel scrap as basic raw materials. Preliminary numerical simulation of chemically reacting gas. To put it simply, basic oxygen steelmaking is a means of producing steel by using oxygen. Despite the advances in steelmaking technology,9 which have taken place since bessemers day, slopping remains. Relationship between various operating variables, current temperature, and carbon content is constructed through. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read iron making and steelmaking. The converter process was developed in the middle of the nineteenth century using bottomblown air for oxidation. Modeling of decarburization in metal droplet in basic oxygen. Steel slag is a byproduct of the steelmaking and steel refining processes.
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